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IP & IP CLASSTCP / IP & IP Address ClassesAimed at addressing how that data is sent to the appropriate machine (the target machine), and how it can be done easily by the operator. For that purpose, data from a host (computer) should be passed to the network to the destination host, and the computer data will be submitted to the appropriate user or process. TCP / IP uses three schemes for this task:==> AddressingIP address that uniquely identifies each host on the network, so as to ensure the data is sent to the correct address.==> RoutingSetting the gateway to send data to the network where the destination host is located.==> MultiplexingSetting the port number and protocol that sends data to the correct software module within the host.Each scheme is important for the delivery of data between two applications that work together in a network TCP / IP.IP address 32-bit binary form and written as four decimal numbers separated sequence with a dot. Writing format IP is: xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx, with x is a binary 0 or 1. In this implementation, the IP address is written in decimal numbers with a weight between 0-255 (decimal value as possible to 1 byte). IP address consists of a network and the host, but the format of the parts is not the same for each IP address.
The number of bits of the address are used to identify the network, and the number used to identify the host vary depending on the class of the address used. There are three main address classes, namely class A, class B, and class C. By examining the first few bits of an address, the software can quickly differentiate IP address classes and structures.For ease of use, depending on the user's needs:IP Address ClassA. Class A IP Address:~ The first bit of the IP address is 0~ So the IP network with the first byte: 0-127~ There are only less than 128 class A network~ Each class A network can have millions of hostsClass A IP address is given to the network with a very large number of hosts. IP Range1.xxx.xxx.xxx. - 126.xxx.xxx.xxx, there were 16,777,214 (16 million) IP address for each grade A. Class A IP address is given to the network with a very large number of hosts. In a class A IP address, network ID is the first 8 bits, while the host ID is 24 bits next.Thus, how to read a class A IP address, for example 113.46.5.6 is:Network ID = 113Host ID = 46.5.6So that means the host IP address on the network number number 113 46.5.6.B. Class B IP Address:~ The first bit of the IP address is 10~ So the IP network with the first byte: 128-191~ There are thousands of class B network~ Each class B network can have thousands of hostsClass B IP address is usually allocated for medium-sized and large networks. In class B IP address, network ID is the first 16 bits, while the host ID is 16 bits the next. Thus, how to read a class B IP address, such as 132.92.121.1Network ID = 132.92Host ID = 121.1So that means the IP address on the host network number number 121.1 on 132.92. with a length of 16 bits of host ID, network with class B IP address can accommodate about 65,000 hosts. Range IP128.0.xxx.xxx - 191.155.xxx.xxxC. Class C IP Address:~ The first bit of the IP address is 110~ So the IP network with the first byte 192-223~ There are millions of class C network~ Each class C network only has less than 254 hostsClass C IP address originally used for small networks (LAN). Host ID is 8 bits. With this configuration, can be formed about 2 million networks with each network has 256 IP addresses. IP Range 192.0.0.xxx - 223.255.255.x.The allocation of IP addresses is essentially the process of selecting network id and the host ID is appropriate for a network. Configuration is correct or not depends on the goals to be achieved, which allocates IP addresses as efficiently as possible.. Class D IP Address:~ The first bit of the IP address is 111~ Number IP network with more than 223 first byte~ It is the address that is allocated to special interestsE. IP Address class E:~ The first bit of the IP address is 11 110~ It is the address allocated to experimentDomain Name System (DNS)-------------Domain Name System (DNS) is a system that allows a host name tocomputer network or the Internet translated into an IP address. In granting the name, DNSusing hierarchical architectures.1. Root-level domains: a top level is displayed as a period (.).2. Top level domain: organization category or country code eg. Com to be used by the company;. Edu for use by the college;. Gov for use by government agencies. In addition to distinguishing the use of the name of a country to another use such marks. Id to Indonesia or. Au for Australia.3. Second level domains: a name for the organization, for example:microsoft.com; yahoo.com, and others.==> SupernettingAda two inter-related issues, including the provision of a leisure class in an institution. The first class of the address given is smaller than the number of hosts to be connected. And the second one instead, address the larger class of hosts to be interconnected. Supernetting relates to a method for manipulating a limited allocation of addresses so that all available host can be connected to the network. So supernetting is using the source address mask bits to create a larger network.==> SubnettingThe second problem deals with how to make a more efficient allocation of address, if it turns out to be our hosts connect to the network address allocation is smaller than we have. What is clear by using the method of subnetting, IP host address bits are reduced to this subnet. For example, the subnet mask associated with the standard class B address is 255.255.0.0. The subnet mask is used to extend the network portion of a class B address with additional byte. For example, sub mask 255.255.255.0 means the first two bytes define a class B network, the third byte indicates the subnet address, and the four new points to the hosts on the subnet in question. Byte-oriented masking easier to read and interpreted, but the actual subnet mask is bit-oriented, so for example someone could have made a sub-mask of 255.255.255.192. Table 2.1 illustrates the effect of the subnet-mask to different types of network addresses:==> IP Address==> Subnetmask==> Interpretation==> 128.66.12.1==> 255.255.255.0==> Host 1 on subnet 128.66.12.0==> 130.97.16.132==> 255 255 255 192==> Host 4 on subnet 130.97.16.128==> 192.178.16.66==> 255 255 255 192==> Host 2 on subnet 192.178.16.64==> 132.90.132.5==> 255.255.240.0==> Host 4.5 on subnet 132.90.128.0==> 18.20.16.91==> 255.255.0.0==> 16.91 hosts on the subnet 18.20.0.0Effect Against Subnet Mask IP Address