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POETRY: DEFINITION and its elements
POETRY: DEFINITION and its elements
1. Definition
Etymologically, the word poem comes from the Greek meaning poesis means creation. In English, the equivalent word poetry is poetry a close-to-poet and poem. Regarding the poet says, Coulter (in Tarin, 1986:4) explains that the word comes from the Greek poet means to make or create. In Greek itself, the word means the person who created the poet through his imagination, the almost-almost like a god or a very like to the gods. He is a shrewd man, a saint, which is also a philosopher, statesman, teacher, person who can guess the hidden truth.
2. Elements of Poetry
Here are a few opinions about the elements of poetry.
(1) Richards (in Tarin, 1986) says that the elements of poetry consisting of (1) the nature of poetry melipuiti theme (sense), feeling (feeling), trustee (intention), tone (tone), and (2) methods of poetry include diction, imajeri, real word, figure of speech, rhythm, and rhyme.
(2) Waluyo (1987) which says that the poem contained or referred physical structure as well as the structure of the inner structure of language and poetry in the form of inner expression of the author.
(3) Altenberg and Lewis (in Badrun, 1989:6), although it does not state clearly the elements of poetry, but from their book outline can be seen in the (1) the nature of poetry, (2) the language of poetry: diction, imajeri, figurative language, rhetoric means, (3) forms: the sound value, verification, form, and meaning, (4) content: narrative, emotion, and theme.

Physical Structure of Poetry
The physical structure of the poem is described as follows.
(1) changable poetry (typography), forms of poetry such as the pages are not filled with the words, left and right edges, setting the row, until the poem does not always begin with a capital letter and end with a period. These things determine the meaning of the poem.
(2) Diction, the choice of words by the poet in his poem. Because poetry is a form of literature that few words can express many things, his words must be chosen carefully as possible. The selection of words in poetry is closely related to the meaning, harmony sounds, and word order. Geoffrey (in Waluyo, 19987:68-69) explains that the language of poetry had 9 (nine) aspects of deviation, ie deviation lexical, semantic deviation, aberration phonological, syntactic irregularities, the use of dialect, register usage (some regional variations by group / specific profession ), historical aberration (use old words), and deviations graphologist (use of capital up to the point)
(3) The image, the words or wording that can reveal sensory experiences, such as sight, hearing, and feeling. The image can be divided into three, namely the image of the sound (auditory), visual imagery (visual), and images touch or touch (tactile imagery). The image may lead readers seemed to see, medengar, and felt like what had happened to the poet.
(4) The word concrete, which is a word that can be captured by the senses that enable the emergence of images. These words relate to metaphor or symbol. Eg concrete word "snow: ice symbolizes love, the emptiness of life, etc.., Whereas concrete word" swamp "to symbolize the place was dirty, the life, earth, life, etc..
(5) figurative language, the language berkias to enable / enhance the effect and cause certain connotations (Soedjito, 1986:128). Figurative language of poetry causes a prismatic, that emit a lot of meaning or rich in meaning (Waluyo, 1987:83). Figurative language is also called figure of speech. Adapaun sort-amcam figure of speech such as metaphor, simile, personification, litotes, irony, sinekdoke, euphemism, repetition, Anaphora, redundancy, antithesis, alusio, climax, anticlimax, satire, pars pro toto, totem pro parte, to the paradox.
(6) diversification, namely related to rhyme, rhythm, and metrum. Rima is a rhyme in poetry, either at the beginning, middle, and end of a line of poetry. Rima include (1) onomatopoeic (imitation of the sound, eg / ng / which gives a magical effect on poetry Sutadji CB), (2) the internal sound patterns (alliteration, asonansi, the final equation, the equation early, intermittent rhyme, rhyme beaked, rhyme full, repetition sound [word], and so [Waluyo, 187:92]), and (3) repetition of the word / phrase. Rithmah a low height, short length, lack of loud sounds. Rithmah very prominent in the reading of poetry.