A little description of Education Indonesia
Preliminary
"Knowledge is power"
Famous quote from Francis Bacon clearly reveal the importance of education for people. Principal source of human power is knowledge. Why? Because people with knowledge are able to do so copyright if it is able to survive in the future continue to progress and develop.
And if the process of creation is made possible through the existence of an activity called EDUCATION. Education according to KBBI means a governance improvement activities and maturation of human behavior through knowledge. If we look further back, education as we know it is actually an "adoption" of a variety of educational models in the past.
Information on how the models of education in prehistoric times can still unreconstructed perfectly. But it could be assumed "instructional media" that existed at that time related to the social context that simple. Mainly related to the adaptation to the social environment.
________________________________________
The Hindu-Buddhist Education
The education system in the past can only be recorded properly in the Hindu-Buddhist. According to Agus Aris Munandar in his thesis entitled Pawitra Activity Sites in the Holy Mountain in East Java Ages 14-15 (1990). Hindu-Buddhist educational system known as karsyan. Karsyan is intended for ascetics and for those who withdrew from the crowds of the world in order to get closer to the supreme god. Karsyan divided into two forms namely patapan and mandala.
Patapan imprisoned meaningful place, a place where one isolate themselves for a while until he succeeded in finding a clue or something he aspired. His trademark is no need for a building, like a house or cottage. Patapan shapes can be simple, such as a cave or niche, large rocks, or in buildings that are artificial. This is because the number of sage / sage who meditated less or limited. Tapa means to refrain from all forms of lust, people who meditate often received special guidance from the teacher, thus usually only enough patapan form used by a course.
The second term is a mandala, or also called kedewaguruan. Unlike patapan, the mandala is a sacred place that became the center of all religious activity, a region or a complex that is intended for the wiku / pastors, students, and perhaps also his followers. They live in groups and devoted his life to the interests of religion and country of residence. Mandala is led by dewaguru.
Based on the information contained in kropak 632 which states that "badger skin is still valuable value in the trash rather than rajaputra (ruler nagara) were not able to maintain or mandala kabuyutan to fall into the hands of others" (Atja & Saleh Danasasmita, 1981: 29, 39 , Ekadjati, 1995: 67), it is known that the country of residence or the capital or even the central government, usually surrounded by a mandala. In this case, the mandala and the nagara certainly have the nature of interdependence. Nagara mandala need for support is moral and spiritual, supernatural mandala is considered as the center, and the center of occult power.
Thus, people who live in the mandala with the task to perform penance. The prosperity of a country, the people and the glory of the king's security depends on the attitude of the king toward religious life. Therefore, nagara need to provide protection and security, as well as suppliers that are material needs (facilities and food), so that the pastor / wiku and students can quietly get closer to the gods.
The Islamic Education
Education system in the Hindu-Buddha then continues in the Islam. You could say the education system at the time of Islam is a form of acculturation between the education system patapan Hindu-Buddhist to Islamic education system that has been familiar with the term uzlah (alone). Acculturation is shown in an education system that followed the Hindu-Buddhist clergy, when teachers and students are in a residential neighborhood (Schrieke, 1957: 237; Pigeaud, 1962, IV: 484-5; Munandar 1990: 310-311). During the Islamic educational system called pesantren or Islamic boarding school called. Derived from the word Funduq (Funduq = Arab or pandokheyon = Greek word meaning a place to stay).
Another form is, on the selection of the location away from the crowds boarding the world, his existence away from the settlements, far from the capital city of the kingdom as well as the big cities. Some schools are built on top of a hill or a mountain slope Muria, Central Java. Pesantern Giri is located on top of a hill called Giri, near East Java crunch (Tjandrasasmita, 1984-187). Site selection has been modeled on "sacred mountain" as a mandala creation karsyan and existing in the past (De Graaf & Pigeaud, 1985: 187).
Like the mandala, during the term Islam is better known as the "depok", this term became the name of a region in the typical Islamic cities such as Yogyakarta, Cirebon and Banten. Depok The term itself comes from the word originating from the hermitage patapan word that refers to the same meaning, which is "a place of education. Thus hermitage or pesantren is an education system which is a continuation of the previous education system.
The Colonial Education
At this time, the face of education in Indonesia is more visible as a figure who fight for the right to education. This is because at the time, the education system imposed by the colonial education system is discriminatory. This means that only the Dutch and their descendants are allowed to attend school, while native to school is coming from the native aristocracy. The practice of colonial education system to adopt more European-style education.
But then began to arise the awareness in the fight to provide education for all people, including natives. Then Attend educational institutions in favor of the people, such as students and Muhammadiyah Park.
At this time the European system and traditional (religious school) are equally developed. It could even be said, the system adopts the education system as we know it today: the educational system Relying on formal institutions and boarding schools sorts.
Education: Starting from Family
Education of the 21st century marked by the influence of globalization. Various educational system vying adopted, developed and customized. Educational institutions mushrooming. But the emerging criticism from some people like Ivan Illich, who considered only the education system oriented for generating employment for the benefit of the industry alone. Education loses its meaning as a learning tool.
Then came the idea of Home Schooling, that education does not rely on formal institutions, but it can still be done in the appropriate curriculum. Home Schooling is the education pattern backdrop of mistrust against negative phenomena commonly found in formal institutions: the bullying, as well as didactic methods and uniform.
But that does not mean formal education institutions do not adjust. Now, there was an awareness that achievement is not the figures obtained in the exam, or red-blue report card. But the awareness of the importance of a competency-based curriculum.
From a long series of educational history is there an essence that we can take that as whatever its form, is essentially educational success is not just the responsibility of management education but also demanding role of parents is no less important. History will continue to repeat: Education begins with the family. (Bayu Galih / Rusyanti / Rian Timadar / Khairun Nisa, May 2008)
Library:
Munandar, Agus Aris. 1990. Religious activities in Pawitra Holy Mountain in East Java Ages 14-15. Master Thesis Humanities. Faculty of Letters, University of Indonesia.
Santiko, Hariani.
Santiko, Hariani. 1986. "Mandala (Kedwaguruan) In Majapahit Society," in Archaeology IV Scientific Meeting, Social and Cultural Aspects IIb books, Cipanas, 3 to 9 March 1986. National Archaeological Research Center, pp. 304-18.
Ekadjati, Edi S.
1995. Sundanese culture (A Historical Approach). Library Jaya. Jakarta.
Preliminary
"Knowledge is power"
Famous quote from Francis Bacon clearly reveal the importance of education for people. Principal source of human power is knowledge. Why? Because people with knowledge are able to do so copyright if it is able to survive in the future continue to progress and develop.
And if the process of creation is made possible through the existence of an activity called EDUCATION. Education according to KBBI means a governance improvement activities and maturation of human behavior through knowledge. If we look further back, education as we know it is actually an "adoption" of a variety of educational models in the past.
Information on how the models of education in prehistoric times can still unreconstructed perfectly. But it could be assumed "instructional media" that existed at that time related to the social context that simple. Mainly related to the adaptation to the social environment.
________________________________________
The Hindu-Buddhist Education
The education system in the past can only be recorded properly in the Hindu-Buddhist. According to Agus Aris Munandar in his thesis entitled Pawitra Activity Sites in the Holy Mountain in East Java Ages 14-15 (1990). Hindu-Buddhist educational system known as karsyan. Karsyan is intended for ascetics and for those who withdrew from the crowds of the world in order to get closer to the supreme god. Karsyan divided into two forms namely patapan and mandala.
Patapan imprisoned meaningful place, a place where one isolate themselves for a while until he succeeded in finding a clue or something he aspired. His trademark is no need for a building, like a house or cottage. Patapan shapes can be simple, such as a cave or niche, large rocks, or in buildings that are artificial. This is because the number of sage / sage who meditated less or limited. Tapa means to refrain from all forms of lust, people who meditate often received special guidance from the teacher, thus usually only enough patapan form used by a course.
The second term is a mandala, or also called kedewaguruan. Unlike patapan, the mandala is a sacred place that became the center of all religious activity, a region or a complex that is intended for the wiku / pastors, students, and perhaps also his followers. They live in groups and devoted his life to the interests of religion and country of residence. Mandala is led by dewaguru.
Based on the information contained in kropak 632 which states that "badger skin is still valuable value in the trash rather than rajaputra (ruler nagara) were not able to maintain or mandala kabuyutan to fall into the hands of others" (Atja & Saleh Danasasmita, 1981: 29, 39 , Ekadjati, 1995: 67), it is known that the country of residence or the capital or even the central government, usually surrounded by a mandala. In this case, the mandala and the nagara certainly have the nature of interdependence. Nagara mandala need for support is moral and spiritual, supernatural mandala is considered as the center, and the center of occult power.
Thus, people who live in the mandala with the task to perform penance. The prosperity of a country, the people and the glory of the king's security depends on the attitude of the king toward religious life. Therefore, nagara need to provide protection and security, as well as suppliers that are material needs (facilities and food), so that the pastor / wiku and students can quietly get closer to the gods.
The Islamic Education
Education system in the Hindu-Buddha then continues in the Islam. You could say the education system at the time of Islam is a form of acculturation between the education system patapan Hindu-Buddhist to Islamic education system that has been familiar with the term uzlah (alone). Acculturation is shown in an education system that followed the Hindu-Buddhist clergy, when teachers and students are in a residential neighborhood (Schrieke, 1957: 237; Pigeaud, 1962, IV: 484-5; Munandar 1990: 310-311). During the Islamic educational system called pesantren or Islamic boarding school called. Derived from the word Funduq (Funduq = Arab or pandokheyon = Greek word meaning a place to stay).
Another form is, on the selection of the location away from the crowds boarding the world, his existence away from the settlements, far from the capital city of the kingdom as well as the big cities. Some schools are built on top of a hill or a mountain slope Muria, Central Java. Pesantern Giri is located on top of a hill called Giri, near East Java crunch (Tjandrasasmita, 1984-187). Site selection has been modeled on "sacred mountain" as a mandala creation karsyan and existing in the past (De Graaf & Pigeaud, 1985: 187).
Like the mandala, during the term Islam is better known as the "depok", this term became the name of a region in the typical Islamic cities such as Yogyakarta, Cirebon and Banten. Depok The term itself comes from the word originating from the hermitage patapan word that refers to the same meaning, which is "a place of education. Thus hermitage or pesantren is an education system which is a continuation of the previous education system.
The Colonial Education
At this time, the face of education in Indonesia is more visible as a figure who fight for the right to education. This is because at the time, the education system imposed by the colonial education system is discriminatory. This means that only the Dutch and their descendants are allowed to attend school, while native to school is coming from the native aristocracy. The practice of colonial education system to adopt more European-style education.
But then began to arise the awareness in the fight to provide education for all people, including natives. Then Attend educational institutions in favor of the people, such as students and Muhammadiyah Park.
At this time the European system and traditional (religious school) are equally developed. It could even be said, the system adopts the education system as we know it today: the educational system Relying on formal institutions and boarding schools sorts.
Education: Starting from Family
Education of the 21st century marked by the influence of globalization. Various educational system vying adopted, developed and customized. Educational institutions mushrooming. But the emerging criticism from some people like Ivan Illich, who considered only the education system oriented for generating employment for the benefit of the industry alone. Education loses its meaning as a learning tool.
Then came the idea of Home Schooling, that education does not rely on formal institutions, but it can still be done in the appropriate curriculum. Home Schooling is the education pattern backdrop of mistrust against negative phenomena commonly found in formal institutions: the bullying, as well as didactic methods and uniform.
But that does not mean formal education institutions do not adjust. Now, there was an awareness that achievement is not the figures obtained in the exam, or red-blue report card. But the awareness of the importance of a competency-based curriculum.
From a long series of educational history is there an essence that we can take that as whatever its form, is essentially educational success is not just the responsibility of management education but also demanding role of parents is no less important. History will continue to repeat: Education begins with the family. (Bayu Galih / Rusyanti / Rian Timadar / Khairun Nisa, May 2008)
Library:
Munandar, Agus Aris. 1990. Religious activities in Pawitra Holy Mountain in East Java Ages 14-15. Master Thesis Humanities. Faculty of Letters, University of Indonesia.
Santiko, Hariani.
Santiko, Hariani. 1986. "Mandala (Kedwaguruan) In Majapahit Society," in Archaeology IV Scientific Meeting, Social and Cultural Aspects IIb books, Cipanas, 3 to 9 March 1986. National Archaeological Research Center, pp. 304-18.
Ekadjati, Edi S.
1995. Sundanese culture (A Historical Approach). Library Jaya. Jakarta.
