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Tampilkan postingan dengan label Normatif. Tampilkan semua postingan
Tampilkan postingan dengan label Normatif. Tampilkan semua postingan

Definition of Traditional Arts, Modern and Contemporary Art

Fine art is a branch of art that make up the artwork with the media could catch the eyes and felt with palpation. This impression is created by processing the concept line, plane, shape, volume, color, texture, and lighting with aesthetic references.

1.
Traditional fine arts

Definition

Traditional art is art elements that are part of living in a nation / tribe / clan / particular nation. Traditional art is in an area different from those in other areas, even though it did not rule out the existence of traditional art that is similar between the two adjacent regions.

The characteristics of

*
Creation is always based on the philosophy of an activity in a culture, can be a religious or ceremonial activities / istanasentris.
*
Tied with specific grip-grip.

Example

Puppet show, puppet show, puppets beber, ornaments in traditional houses in each region, batik, songket, and others.

1.
Modern art

Definition

Modern art is art that is not limited to an indigenous culture or region, but still based on a philosophy and art schools.

The characteristics of

*
The concept of creation is still based on a philosophy, but not limited to the range of translation visualization.
*
Not tied to a particular grip-grip.

Example

Paintings by Raden Saleh Sharif Bustaman, Basuki Abdullah, Affandi, S.Soedjojono and other painters of the modern era.

Artist

Raden Saleh Sharif Bustaman, Abdullah Sr., Pirngadi, Basuki Abdullah, Wakidi, Wahid Somantri, Agus Jaya Suminta, S. Soedjojono, Ramli, Abdul Salam, Otto Jaya S, Speech, and Emira Sunarsa.

1.
Contemporary art

Definition

Contemporary art is a branch of art that affected the impact of modernization. Contemporary that means contemporary, modern or rather is something similar to the conditions at the same time or at this time. So contemporary art is art that is not bound by the rules of a bygone era and evolve with the times now. Contemporary paintings are works thematically reflect the situation while being traversed. For example, the painting is no longer bound to the Rennaissance. Similarly, the dance, more creative and modern.

The characteristics of

*
Not bound by the rules of a bygone era and evolve with the times.
*
The absence of a gap between the various disciplines of art, aka melting the boundaries between painting, sculpture, graphics, crafts, theater, dance, music, to political action.

Example

The works of art happenings, works of Christo and various works of art enviromental.

Artist

Uses And How ablution

Ablution Water Uses
For all kinds of prayers obligatory.
To Thawaf the Kaaba, thawaf anything, is obligatory.
When going to read Al-Quran voluntary legal
When you go to sleep or other good deeds, legal voluntary
Ropes
Start by saying Bismillaahir rahmaanir Raheem.
face the Qibla direction
Wash your fingers, and the fingers were ringed, clock or jewelry worn on other fingers, turn the jewelry so that the water can be equally drenched fingers. (3x)
Bekumur-mouth (3x)
Wash the face (3x)
Basuhlan hand up to the elbow (first right) (3x)
Wash your ears (3x)
sweep sebahagian head (3x)
Basuhlan feet up to the ankles (first right) (3x)
When done wudoo ', pose face towards the Qibla and supplicate to read:
        Asyhadu an laa ilaaha illalaahu asyhadu anna Muhammadan wa 'wa abduhu Rasuuluh, Allahummaj'alnii interest tawwaa biinaa waj'alnii minal mutathahhiriin.
  It means "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is indeed His servant and His Messenger. Oh god, put me down among those who repent, and make me into the class of people who are holy. "

Proverb Indonesia has been frequently used by the public. Diversity of customs, cultures, and languages ​​in the country of Indonesia affects the treasury sentence, the Indonesian Proverb. Below I will give some Proverb Indonesia and its meaning or significance.Yuukk pal proverbs we see our country .. ^ _ ^
Look forward to like a married king.- Looking forward to help from people who can not provide assistance
 
There is money loved brother, brother flew no money.Just like when you're happy with it, do not want to know at the time was difficult.
Winning so charcoal, ashes lost.Losing or winning is equally miserable.
Like ashes on the levees.People who are in a difficult position and easily fall.
There were no grasshoppers Padang, there are no water fish.Wherever they are sure to be available for our sustenance.
Indigenous tide fluctuation.Life in this world nothing lasts forever, everything always turns.


Divide equally fair, cut the same length.If the split and decided something should be fair and not biased.
No sign of the rippling water.People who talk a lot are usually not much knowledge.
Still water runs deep.People who seem quiet, but there are many stores knowledge in mind.
Water stream falling into the cesspool roof as well.The properties of the child is usually dropped from the nature of her parents.
Studied abysmal teaching, like floral fireworks did not.Studying should wholeheartedly and not half-hearted in order to achieve good results.
As clever-clever squirrel jumps, once fallen, too.As clever-clever man, a time must have made a mistake as well.
Empty barrel tinny sound.The proud and talkative usually not knowledgeable.
Barrel full of not shaking, the shaking barrel half.The learned will not say much, but fools usually talkative as if know a lot of things.
Elders taro, is increasingly becoming more and more old.Parents who act like young people, especially in matters of romance.
Because indigo speck, broken sebelanga milk.Because of small errors, eliminating all the good that has been done.
Like a bird in a cage.Someone who feels his life curbed.
Made of gold though, remained caged cage too.Though living in luxury but unbridled, heart still felt miserable, too.
Pain at moaning, groaning wounds.Seiya one word in all circumstances.
Malang, irresistible, luck can not be achieved.Everything in life is not human that counts.
He who digs a pit, he also plunged into it.Intend to harm others, but he was also exposed to harm.
Out of sight close to the heartTwo people who still feel close despite living far apart.
Eyes looked heavy-heavy, heavy shoulders also bear.Any heavy suffering of people who look, still more suffering on individuals.
Board may have, careful not.The phrase that the person already has a boyfriend, who has a heart already.Physically want to follow all sorts of oppressive orders, but in their hearts remained opposed.
Others on the other's lips in the liver.Words that are not in accordance with his conscience, not dishonest.
As bees take honey mouth, ass take sting.Faced handsome but evil behavior.


There is no way the price.Of course, the price of a tune with the goods.
Splitting chest looks at the heart.The phrase to express sincerity.
Aslo do not swallow, do not immediately vomit bitter.Think carefully before acting so as not to be disappointed.
For the eyes of the blind, because the heart die.Be harmed by too lust.
Clever oily water.Clever arrange the words to reach the point.
Can be made of white cotton, white heart berkeadaan.Kindness can be seen from his behavior.
Persuaded she cried, kicked he laughed.Want to work well if it had been reprimanded.
If slapped once fined gold, double gold setampar well, better actually slapped.Every evil deed is the same result, although large or small.
Bottom edge scientific sense.Someone who is known to have a lot of knowledge.
Rice was cold, the dish is not cracked.People always do things carefully.
Reject arms swinging legs, body hug teach yourself.Learn to control yourself and forgo having fun.
Virgin refused sheath.The term for the arrogant and forget others who had been instrumental in his life.
When called upon he replied, judging he met.Can convey intent in a proper way.
Shows the share of the nation, for example durian.We can see the temperament of a person through the speech said.
Crushed a heavy, long entwined.Misfortunes that come inevitably.
Tertangguk the fish win, insured winnow the same stimuli.Be lived with joy and sorrow.Gains enjoyed together, overcome hardship experienced along too.

PROPHETS been sent to THE YASINAllah says:
"And make them a parable, which is a resident of a country when the messengers came to them. (Is) when We sent to them two messengers, they rejected them: then We strengthened with (messenger) third, the three envoys They said: 'Verily, we are the ones who are sent to you.' They said: 'You are only human beings like us and Allah, Most Gracious, did not lose anything, you're nothing but a lie.' They say: 'Our Lord knows that free we are most surely messengers to you., And our duty is nothing but to convey (the commandments of God) clearly.' They said: 'Verily we hapless kerana ye if ye do not stop (call us), we will surely stoned you and you will surely get a painful chastisement from us.' Messengers said: "Your evil omens is kerana yourselves. Whether if you are given a warning (you threaten us)? Actually you are the transgressors." (Surah Yasin: 13-19)
Allah tells us about the three prophets without mentioning their names. Only, the Qur'an mentions that free people who attended their three prophets are rejected. They deny that free three prophets were messengers of God. When the apostles were showing evidence of their truth, his people say that free their arrival it brings bad luck. They were threatened with stoning the prophets, murder, and a painful torment. The prophets were rejected threat and accuses his people make the action goes beyond. Instead, they persecute themselves.
Al-Qur'an al-Karim in the context of the verse does not tell how the affairs of the prophets. Will find in the Qur'an is the affair of a believer who follow the prophet. Only she was the only one who believed in the prophet. This small group dealing with large groups who oppose the prophets. The man had come from a far country. And in a state run, he reminded his people. His heart was open to receive the truth. Not long afterwards he expressed his belief that he was murderedby infidels.
Allah says:
"And there came from the other end of town, a man (an-Najjar Habib) by rushing around he said: 'O my people, follow the messengers, follow those who ask no reply to you, and they are the ones who got instructions. Why am I not worship Him (Allah) who has created me, and to Whom ye shall (all) be returned Ahan Why I will worship gods other than Him, if (Allah) Most Gracious willed kemudharatan to me, undoubtedly intercession they do not provide any benefits for me and they tidah (also) be saved? Actually I was so sure that is in manifest error. fact I have faith in the Lord almighty listen (confession of faith) me. '"(Surah Yasin : 20-25)
The context of the Qur'an only mentions or limit on the process of killing it. Not long ago it was or not believers until he breathed his last breath so that Allah issued His command and said:
"It was said (to him): 'Go to heaven.' He said: 'It would be nice if only my people know what is causing my Lord forgive me and make me among those who glorified.' "(Surah Yasin: 26-27)
Thus, Al-Qur'an al-Karim did not mention the names of the prophets and their stories, but you'll enjoy the story of a man believing in the context of the passage where the man's name was not mentioned believer. Of course the mention of his name is not important, but more important is what happens to him. He is a believer who follow the prophets AllahSWT.
Told him go into heaven. Of course he received the torture and murder not bring a great value but the thing to note was that he believed and still fighting for the prophets. Even though he was getting death threats, he continued to show his faith and the faith still smoldering. "Behold, I have faith in the Lord then listen (confession of faith) me." '?

Fasting Sunnah and Privileges
Fasting on Mondays and Thursdays
Time: Monday and Thursday.
Lesson Learned: add degrees of glory, because human charity shown to Allah
on every Monday and Thursday.
Fasting Ayyamul Bidh
Time: at day 13, 14 and 15th of every month (except for tasyrik 13 Dzulhijjah).
Wisdom: chance to get a reward of fasting for one year.
Fasting six days in Shawwal
Time: only on days during the month of Shawwal.
Wisdom: that fasting six days in Shawwal after Ramadan fasting then

reward is the same as if fasting for 1 full year.
fasting Ara'fah
Time: 9th of Dhu al-Hijjah
Lesson Learned: can remove sin 2 years, 1 year ago, and 1 year to come.
Fasting Ashura and Tasu'a
Time: the 9th and 10th of Muharram or the 10th and 11th Muharam
Lesson Learned: removing minor sins a year ago.
In addition to the above there are puasa2 sunnah sunnah fasting fasting N.Daud others such day is not a day of fasting feast day except 2 (Idhul Fitr and Adha Idhul) and 3 days tasyrik. Fasting the first 10 days of the month Dhu al-Hijjah, Muharram, and fasting fasting month Sha'ban all sunnah fasting was a silver lining sincerely origin lived hita'alla Lillah, meaning that even an empty stomach do not marah2 gibah riya do not lie.

Canceling Matters And Not Canceling Ablution
The things Canceling Ablution '1. Something out of "two-door" rear like flatulence (farting), or small bowel, menstruation or childbirth, and so on.2. Lost my mind (kerana sick, drunk, crazy and so on).3. Intercourse.
Matters Not Canceling AblutionLots of people think the act wudoo, but it is not. For example, a worker who berpalitan with oil and grease, water wudhunya thought was rosak and wudhunya void, but it is not; while apparently underestimated just cancel wudhunya. Some things do not invalidate ablution, among others:1. Touching between men and women, adult, without layers, as long as it does not contain any intention of lust and indecent. In a hadith stated:'A'ishah said: One night I lost the Messenger of Allah from my bed, then terabalah by my hand on both of his feet in a standing state, and the Prophet was prostrating while reading: Allaahumma innii a'udzu biridhaaka, min sakhatika, wa a 'oodhu bimu' aafaatika min uquubatika, wa laa a'uudzu bika Minka uhshiitsanaa'an 'anta alaika kamaaatsnayta 'alaa Nafsika. "(Reported by Muslim and At Turmuzy).Erties that his prayer: "O Allah, I seek refuge with ridhaMu of your wrath, hid under naunganMu; brevity I seek refuge in You than you. Countless puja-pujiku Nothing for You. Compliment you on Yourself as yourself.""I slept in front of the Messenger of Allah, is my foot in the direction of Qibla. Then when he is prostrating, dirabanya me and held my legs". While in lafazh else mentioned: "And if he would bow down, my feet, dirabanya". (HR Bukhary and Muslim, Aisha source)2. Bleeding from the usual places, such as cuts, instead of qubul or rectum.3. Because vomiting4. Because they eat and drink. As mentioned in the hadith of the prophet:"Manimunah r.a. said:" The Messenger s.a.w. had dined at his house with a grill goat, then the Messenger of Allah directly prayers without renewing ablution. "(HR Bukhary and Muslim).5. Exposed to all kinds of unclean or other impurities. Unclean not eliminate wudu ', only he just cleaned it.6. Touched pubic no other purposes. As mentioned in the hadith:"That free a man asked the Prophet about people touching his cock, if he is obliged to perform ablution? Messenger of Allah said:" No, he is a part of your own body. "(HR Expert Five Hadith)

All About Impact of Globalization Happens in Indonesia

Globalization is a process in which individuals, groups, and among nations interact, dependent, related and affect each other across national boundaries. The impact of economic globalization brings both positive and negative.

The positive impact of globalization, among others:
1. The opening of markets for export products, with a record of Indonesia's export products to compete in international markets. This opens up opportunities for entrepreneurs in Indonesia to deliver quality products, creative, and needed by the world market.
2. The easier access to investment capital from abroad. If the investment is direct, such as the establishment of factories in Indonesia, it will create jobs. It can overcome the scarcity of capital in Indonesia.
3. The easier it is to obtain the items needed by the community and can not be produced in Indonesia.
4. The increasing tourism activities, thus opening up employment in the tourism product as well as a promotional event in Indonesia.

The negative impact of globalization for economic activity in Indonesia is mainly sourced from the unpreparedness of the Indonesian economy in the increasingly free. Negative impacts as follows.
1. Possible loss of market Indonesia's export products due to competition from other countries production cheaper and quality. For example, we lost a lot of agricultural products from Thailand.
2. The flood of imported products in the Indonesian market so deadly efforts in Indonesia. For example, the threat of Chinese batik products are cheaper for the batik industry in the country.
3. The threat of the global financial sector is increasingly free and become a means of speculation. Investments that have been planted in Indonesia could easily be withdrawn or revoked if deemed no longer profitable. This could affect the stability of the economy.
4. The threat of the entry of foreign workers (expatriates) in Indonesia a more professional HR management. Employment in Indonesia which has a narrow become increasingly narrow.
In conclusion, globalization can have positive or negative depending on the readiness of our mengadapinya.

Impact of Globalization in Economics:
1. The impact of globalization in economics, among others:
Globalization and market liberalism has offered an alternative to achieving higher living standards. The widening inequality of income distribution between rich countries to poor countries. The emergence of multinational corporations and transnational. Open opportunities for wealth accumulation and monopoly business and political power in a few hands. The emergence of global economic institutions such as the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, the WTO.

2. Social Impact of Globalization in the field of culture:
Increasingly global capitalist cultural values ​​in the world community. Rampant western dress styles in developing countries. The proliferation of film production and music in the form of CDs / VCDs or DVDs.

3. Impact of Globalization in Politics
State no longer regarded as a key holder in the development process. Public policy makers in developing countries take the path of development to address social and economic problems. The emergence of a wave of democratization (the desire for freedom).

The positive impact of Globalization:
1. Easy to obtain information and knowledge
2. Easy to communicate
3. Fast in traveling (mobili-high bag)
4. Cultivate an attitude kosmopo-Litan and tolerant
5. Spur to improve myself
6. Easily meet the needs of

The negative impact of Globalization:
1. The information is not filtered
2. Consumer behavior
3. Make self-closing gesture, narrow thinking
4. Wasteful spending and mimic bad behavior
5. Easily influenced by things that smell west

The advent of globalization is certainly an impact to the lives of some countries, including Indonesia. The impact of globalization includes the positive and negative impacts in various areas of life such as politics, economics, ideology, socio-cultural, etc. will impact the values ​​of nationalism to the nation.

Positive effects of globalization on the values ​​of nationalism:
1. Judging from the globalization of politics, government is run in an open and democratic. Because the government is part of a country, if the government be executed in an honest, clean and dynamic course will receive a positive response from the people. Positive feedback in the form of a sense of nationalism against the state increases.
2. From the aspect of economic globalization, the opening of international markets, increase employment opportunities and increase foreign exchange. With this it will improve the economic life of the nation to support the national life of the nation.
3. From the socio-cultural globalization we can mimic the pattern of thinking that good as a high work ethic and the discipline of science and technology from other nations that have been developed to improve the nation's progress in advancing the nation and will ultimately strengthen our sense of nationalism to the nation.

Negative effects of globalization on the values ​​of nationalism:
1. Globalization was able to convince the people of Indonesia that liberalism can bring progress and prosperity. So that it is possible to change the direction of the ideology Pancasila ideology of liberalism. If this occurs as a result tesebut sense of nationalism will disappear
2. Economic aspects of globalization, the loss of a love for domestic products because many foreign products (such as Mc Donald's, Coca Cola, Pizza Hut, etc..) Flooding in Indonesia. With the loss of a sense of love towards domestic product showing signs of reduced sense of nationalism against the Indonesian society.
3. Our society especially young people who forget a lot of identity as a nation of Indonesia, because of his lifestyle tend to imitate the western culture that the world community is considered as the center.

The impact of globalization on socio-cultural
Circumstances is a state of balance in society coveted by every society. In that case, individuals are psychologically feel the presence of a peace, because there are no contradictions in the norms and values ​​held by society. Every time there is a balance disorder, people can resist the elements that will make a difference. This refusal caused the fear of faltering balance which means the system can appear.

Here is how to make a sick leave:

    1. When we are sick, see a doctor immediately. Besides intends to seek treatment and diagnosis of diseases we, usually when it is needed to break, the doctor will issue a medical certificate where the letter will be written the number of days we have to break.
    2. When we got a letter from a doctor, we can attach the letter in our license
    3. The next step is we make a sick leave. If we only mild illness and do not need to visit the doctor, make sure that we write our diseases, such as fever, headache, diarrhea, etc.
    4. Specify the number of days we license, starting from what date to what date
    5. In closing, do not forget to say thank you and sign the permit us sick


* Here is an example of a well permit ill

Yogyakarta, 10 November 2011

Dear.
Leaders PT.Maju Makmur
u.p Bag. personnel
in
    place


Dear Sirs,
I hereby notify you that I am:

Name: Deni Suhendar
Employees bag: Finishing Division
Address: Umbulharjo Yogyakarta

Unable to go to work as usual today due to diarrhea.
Therefore, I beg Mr. Chairman PT. Forward Makmur up Bag Personnel gave me permission.
So permit me make this hospital, for licensing of up Bag Personnel Mr. Chairman, I offer many thanks.


Yours sincerely,



Deni Suhendar

In English Simple Present Tense or Present Tense is used to express the events or happenings, events, activities and so is the case today. Present Tense is also used to express a fact, or something that occurs repeatedly TODAY future. Remember, PRESENT means is that now, now.
The formula:
Positive: S + V1 (s / es)
Negative: S + DO / DOES + NOT + V1
Question: DO / DOES + S + V1
Positive Example sentence:
I drink coffee
She drinks coffe
We drink coffee
Yes, intentionally Tense english lesson is simple just to quickly understand. You need to develop yourself as to make 100 examples of their own. You definitely need a dictionary too, because learning tenses and then stuck with a verb it is usually not so, hehe ..
How to Read a formula:
S means Subject, V1 or a verb meaning Verb1 first form. Or does it mean slash ya dong!.
When to use S or ES and when not?
If Subjectnya He, She, It, John, Mufli, Ellen or a third person verb SINGLE then added S or ES. Not any more S or ES too ya, there's the list. The list was stout once, mustahal I write here, cape dehh wrote it, you must buy the book Grammar as well. Learn English capital needs, hehe ..
In the Third Person had no single term, meaning this: A third person is the person we are talking about, that we omongin. While the first ya do the talking. The spoken. Single ya one. So the third person singular is the person we are talking about and the one he was. For example, we were both talking about John Scoping. That way I am, that you heard, spoken John Scoping (third person singular). Understand it?
John Scoping study Tenses.
John Scoping learns english.
LearnES can not, why? yes it was!. But what is even more ES:
John Scoping Goes to School (plus ES).
Negative Sentences Present Tense
Negative shape, meaning that states NO. Then the corresponding formula Present Tense, after SUBJECT plus DO or DOES, NOT new, and added the first form of the verb without an S or ES again. S or ES it where? Already in the last does.
For I, WE, YOU, THEY DO added
For SHE, HE, IT, Mufli, Ellen added DOES
I do not drink coffee.
She does not drink coffee.
John Scoping does not learn english.
Consider She does not drink coffee. Drink it's no use anymore, moving to does. Get used to it, Simple Present Tense This seems complicated but if you understand it awful. Repeat just read from the top 10 times longer, let seep right, hehe .. 10 examples also make your own with different verbs. Yes, learning English should not be spoiled, to be active, a new will.
Tanya Sentences Present Tense
Present Tense Sentences asked to fit the formula above, or I write more like this:
Question: DO / DOES + S + V1
Same thing mate. For I, WE, YOU, THEY DO use. For SHE, HE, IT, Mufli, Ellen DOES use. Examples like this:
Positive Sentences: I drink coffee
Sentence to be asked: DO you drink cofee?
Positive Sentences: She drinks coffe
Sentences question: DOES She drink coffee?
Sentences like the above question is called YES / NO Question. Because the answer is Yes or No.. Do You drink coffee? "Yes I do" she said. Or it could be answered with complete: "Yes, I do drink coffee". DO is also be removed, a positive sentence again: "Yes I drink coffee".
Yes, it is true that the present tense is more complicated than the Present Continuous Tense because suddenly really use DO, er to the third person singular life DOES everything, hehe .. If the Present Continuous Tense'll stay behind doang.


Human rights are the rights of a person who has owned since he was in the womb. Human rights are universal. The basics of human rights contained in the declaration of independence of the United States (Declaration of Independence of the USA) and are listed in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, as in Article 27, paragraph 1, article 28, article 29, paragraph 2, article 30, paragraph 1, and article 31, paragraph 1
In conjunction with that, the human rights that we now know is something very different from the rights previously included, for example, in the Declaration of Independence or the French Declaration. Human Rights referred to now is a set of rights developed by the United Nations since the end of World War II who did not know the various state restrictions. As a consequence, these countries can not be dodged for not protecting human rights non-citizens. In other words, for each country regarding human rights issues, without exception, at some level have a responsibility, primarily related to the fulfillment of human rights of persons who are in its jurisdiction, including foreign ones. Therefore, on some level, it would be quite wrong to equate mengidentikan or between human rights with the rights owned by citizens. Rights owned by anyone, as long as he can be called a human being.
The above reasons also the cause of human rights an integral part of studies in the discipline of international law. By karenannya not anything controversial when the international community has serious and real concern on the issue of human rights at the domestic level. Instead, the international community is very essential role in the protection of human rights because of the nature and character of human rights itself is a defense mechanism and protection of the individual against the power of the state are particularly vulnerable to abuse, as has often proven history of mankind itself. Examples of violations:
1. Oppression and restrict people's rights and opposition to arbitrary.
2. Law (rules and / or laws) are treated unfairly and inhumane.
3. Manipulative and made in accordance with the election rules and party ruling tyrant / authoritarian.
Human rights
Human rights are the rights of a person who has owned since he was in the womb. Human rights are universal. The basics of human rights contained in the declaration of independence of the United States (Declaration of Independence of the USA) and are listed in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, as in Article 27, paragraph 1, article 28, article 29, paragraph 2, article 30, paragraph 1, and article 31, paragraph 1
In conjunction with that, the human rights that we now know is something very different from the rights previously included, for example, in the Declaration of Independence or the French Declaration. Human Rights referred to now is a set of rights developed by the United Nations since the end of World War II who did not know the various state restrictions. As a consequence, these countries can not be dodged for not protecting human rights non-citizens. In other words, for each country regarding human rights issues, without exception, at some level have a responsibility, primarily related to the fulfillment of human rights of persons who are in its jurisdiction, including foreign ones. Therefore, on some level, it would be quite wrong to equate mengidentikan or between human rights with the rights owned by citizens. Rights owned by anyone, as long as he can be called a human being.
The above reasons also the cause of human rights an integral part of studies in the discipline of international law. By karenannya not anything controversial when the international community has serious and real concern on the issue of human rights at the domestic level. Instead, the international community is very essential role in the protection of human rights because of the nature and character of human rights itself is a defense mechanism and protection of the individual against the power of the state are particularly vulnerable to abuse, as has often proven history of mankind itself. Examples of violations:
1. Oppression and restrict people's rights and opposition to arbitrary.
2. Law (rules and / or laws) are treated unfairly and inhumane.
3. Manipulative and made in accordance with the election rules and party ruling tyrant / authoritarian.


Citizenship is membership of a person in control of a particular political unit (in particular: state) which brings with it the right to participate in political activities. Someone with a membership that is called citizen. A citizen has the right to have a passport from a country that dianggotainya.
Citizenship is part of the concept of citizenship (English: citizenship). In this sense, the citizens of a city or county called city residents or citizens of the district, as they are also a political unit. In regional autonomy, citizenship is important, because each political unit will entitle the holder (usually social) different for its citizens.
Citizenship has similarities with nationality (English: nationality). The difference is that the rights to be active in politics. It is possible to have a nationality without being a citizen (ie, it is subject to a state law and are entitled without any right to participate in politics). It is also possible to have political rights without being a national of a member state.
Under the social contract theory, citizenship status has implications for the rights and obligations. In the philosophy of "active citizenship", a citizen is required to contribute to the improvement of community capacity through economic participation, public service, volunteer work, and other similar activities to improve the livelihoods of its people. From this premise appears Citizenship subjects (English: Civics) given in schools.
Indonesian Citizenship
A citizen of Indonesia (WNI) is a person who is recognized by law as citizens of the Republic of Indonesia. This person will be given identity cards, according to the District or (especially Jakarta) Province, where he was listed as a resident / citizen. This person will be given a unique identification number (ID Parent Population, NIK) when he was 17 years old and registered at government offices. Passport granted by the state to its citizens as proof of identity in the governance of international law concerned.
Citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia stipulated in Law no. 12 of 2006 on Citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia. Under this law, people who become citizen of Indonesia (WNI) is
1. any person who before the enactment of the Act has been a citizen
2. children born of the legitimate marriage of father and mother citizen
3. children born of the legitimate marriage of a citizen father and mother foreign citizens (foreigners), or vice versa
4. children born of the legitimate marriage of a citizen mother and a father who does not have legal citizenship or country of origin of the father did not give citizenship to the child
5. children born within 300 days after his father died of a legal marriage, and his father was a citizen
6. children born outside of marriage are legitimate citizens of mother
7. children born outside of marriage were legally recognized mothers WNA by a citizen as his father and the confession made before the child is 18 years or unmarried
8. children born in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia at the time of birth is unclear citizenship status his father and mother.
9. newborn child found in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia for the father and mother are unknown
10. children born in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia when his mother and father have no nationality or whereabouts unknown
11. children born outside the territory of the Republic of Indonesia from the father and mother citizen, who as the provisions of the country in which the child is born to give citizenship to the child
12. son of a father or mother who has been granted citizenship petition, then the father or mother died before stated the oath or pledge of allegiance.
In addition, it is also recognized as citizens for
1. citizen children born outside marriage are legitimate, not yet 18 years old and not married, legally recognized by a foreign national father
2. children of citizens who have a five year old, who was appointed legally as a child by foreigners based on court order
3. children who are under 18 years of age or unmarried, are located and residing within the territory of Indonesia, a father or a mother acquire Indonesian citizenship
4. WNA children who are under five years old who are legally adopted by the court ruling as a child by a citizen.
Indonesia also obtained citizenship for a person who is included in the following situations:
1. Children who are under 18 years of age or unmarried, are located and residing within the territory of the Republic of Indonesia, a father or a mother acquire Indonesian citizenship
2. Children of foreign citizens who have a five year old child legally appointed by the court ruling as a child by a citizen of Indonesia
In addition to the acquisition of citizenship as mentioned above, it is also possible the acquisition of citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia through the process of naturalization. Foreign nationals who are legally married to an Indonesian citizen and have lived in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia at least five consecutive years or ten years in a row not to submit a statement to citizens before competent authority, provided it does not lead to dual citizenship.
Different from previous Citizenship Act, Citizenship Act of 2006 allows dwikewarganegaraan limited basis, ie for children aged up to 18 years old and not married till that age. Further regulation on this matter imprinted on Government Regulation no. 2 in 2007.
Of the Act is seen that in principle the Republic of Indonesia adheres to the principle of ius sanguinis citizenship; coupled with limited ius soli (see points 8-10) and limited dual citizenship (point 11).


BELIEVERS
TO GOD Almighty
Allah the Exalted and Glorified,
Esa is no partner for Him, nothing is like it Single
Qodim is without beginning, without beginning end
Life continues without end without a final lasting
Who has great qualities: namely:
1.    God is a form of means MAHA ADA

Is it true that Allah existed?
Allah existed, as evidenced by no creation (CREATURES) because the thing itself can not be created, because the origin of all the creature does not exist and that no could not possibly create. Therefore there must be something creative. That the Lord.
Furthermore, WHO IS GOD?
Are entitled, and which deserves to be called the Lord is GOD Almighty, because the others are considered as God by all of them do not meet the criteria as Lord. As an example that God should MAHA dashing, POWER, ESA, unseen, DZAHIR etc..
And that has all it was GOD Almighty.

2. God is QIDAM means NO BEGINNING

The existence of Allah has no beginning, and no berpermulaan, by God therefore does not need to a create or give birth, because only a berpermulaan who need to a hold.

3. God is eternal meaning BAQO

Allah is eternal, life will not berpenghujung GOD Almighty, that Allah will not die. His life Allah can turn to another, in contrast to his creatures, no one else could live.
GOD THE BEGINNING, GOD THE END
GOD AND THE DZOHIR unseen

4. God is Mukholapatu lilhawaditsi means DIFFERENT Allah is different from what is created, if Allah the same as (being) means that Allah is not God but a creature. Therefore the nature of the Godhead Mandatory MUKHOLAPATU LILHAWADITSI.

5. God is Qiyamuhu binafsih means STANDING THEIR OWN

No one created God Almighty, no litter and no diperanakan. Her life free from dependence upon God everything. Before all things exist, God is already there and no one held a (stand-alone)

6. God is Wahdaniyat means ESA

There is no partner with Allah, nothing and nobody resembles a match, let alone surpass him.
Belief systems mandatory ESA, ESA if God did not, then there are some chances of that happening.
First, it may not be tangible of all creation, for destroying each other, but they are not.
Second, it may be created in accordance with the number of God, but the reality is not.

God is more than one statement violated the logic and nature:
- If God were a more manly and God created ... while others lost and not created, then God does not deserve to be called God's lost ... therefore God is only ONE.
- If a lot of work to create something of God, then surely God's work in creation does not deserve the name of God, because God will never need help. Therefore, it is only ONE GOD.

7. God is QUDROT means AUTHORIZATION

Allah hath power over all things:
God's power (able) to do things that are not possible according to human reason.
Such as:
God's power to create the same with God himself (but it gtak will happen, because GOD Almighty says no to Him.

God's power to unite the right-contradiction (day together with dinner, etc.)

8. God wills it means is Irodat

When it comes to making plans (qodho) or Taqdir, Allah did not experience coercion from any party, including the state of the force.
Most holy God of Intervention anyone.

9. Science means that God is ALMIGHTY KNOW God is all-knowing. God's knowledge is very broad and no one being to Him.
Even God Almighty knows the birth and the supernatural entirely, Including BLACK ANT know the way a black stone on a dark middle of the night.

God knows: a grain of dust floating through the sky without light.
God knows all creatures movement, Including the movement of creatures heart.
No one apart from the knowledge of God even if one or moment.

10. God is Life means Life

If God is not alive, then there will be no live creatures.
However, life is different from the creatures of God, not with life etc. ..

11. God is Just means HEAR

There was not a sound came out of the hearing of God, Including the creature of conscience, but God Almighty, hear without ears like a slap without hands and see without eyes, like humans.

12. God is Bashor means SEE

Also God is seen, no one gerakanpun, no one creature escape from the sight of God, God looks not with the eyes like a man, but in a different way that we have not been Notified by Allah swt.

13. Kalam means God is Almighty TO SPEAK

Maha says to God Almighty. As the Word of God directly to Prophet Moses. But God said no voice to speak without words, but very understanding to his listeners. Not necessarily the direction from where the sound was and where the passage toward the voice.

religion
Religion according to Big Indonesian Dictionary is a system governing the faith (belief) and worship to God the Almighty and the grammar rules related to human relationships and people and the environment.
The word "religion" comes from the Sanskrit, religion means "tradition". [1]. Meanwhile, in other words to express religious concepts are derived from the Latin religio, and rooted in the re-ligare verb which means "to bind back". That is the berreligi, someone tie him to the Lord.
Émile Durkheim maintains that it is an integrated system consisting of beliefs and practices associated with the sacred. We as religious as possible seek to continuously improve our faith through worship routines, achieving a perfect spiritual purity Definition
The definition of religion chosen a simple and covers. This means that the definition is expected not too tight or too loose but can be applied to religions, which is known by the name-the name of religion. Religion is an important institution or institutions that govern the spiritual life of man. For that to what is known as religions need to find points in common and points of difference.
Humans have a limited capacity, awareness and recognition of the keterbatasannnya make belief that there is something extraordinary beyond himself. Something extraordinary is certainly coming from a source that is outstanding as well. And the wonderful resource that was different according to human language itself. Suppose God, God, God, Syang-ti, Kami-Sama and others or just call his character just like the Almighty, Ingkang Murbeng Dumadi, De Weldadige, and others.
This belief brings people to seek nearness to God by means slavishly, namely:
• accept any certainty that happen to and around him and believe comes from God
• comply with all statutes, rules, laws, etc. are believed to come from God
Thus obtained a clear statement, that the religion of human servitude to his Lord. In terms of religion, there are 3 elements, is human, and God servitude. So one ideology or doctrine which contains three main elements that sense can be called religious.
How Religion
By the way theists:
1. Traditionally, the way religious traditions unfounded. This method follows the way theists ancestors, ancestors or those of the previous generation. In general, strong in religion, it is difficult to accept the things new religious or reform. Moreover, the exchange of religion, even no interest. Thus lacking in the promotion of charity keagamaanya.
2. Formal, namely by way of religious formalities applicable in the environment or society. This usually follows the way theists dignitaries or have influence. Generally not strong in religion. Easily change the way theists when switching environment or a different variety of ways. Easily switch religions if it enters the environment or other religious communities. They no interest in improving science and religious charities but only about things that are easy and visible in their communities.
3. Rational, that is the way of religion by the use of ratios can. For that they are always trying to understand and live with the knowledge of their religion, science and its practice. They can come from people who are traditional or formal, even though people are not religious.
4. Methods predecessor, the religious way by the use of reason and heart (feeling) under the revelation. For that they are always trying to understand and appreciate the teachings of religion with science, practice and dissemination (da'wah). They are always in search of knowledge used to people who are considered experts in the science of religion to uphold the original teachings brought by the messengers of the Prophet or Apostle Sesembahannya such before they practice, preach and be patient (sticking) with it all.
The elements
According Leight, Keller and Calhoun, religion consists of several key elements:
• religious belief, which is a principle which is assumed to be true without any doubt
• religious symbol, namely the identity of the religious affiliation of people.
• religious practices, the vertical relationship between man and his God, and horizontal relations or relations among religious believers in accordance with the teachings of religion
• religious experience, the various forms of religious experience suffered by adherents personally.
• Believers, the adherents of each religion
Function
• source of life for individuals and groups
• Set up procedures for man's relationship with God and man and man.
• It is a requirement of the principle of right or wrong
• Guidelines express a sense of community
• Guidelines feeling confidence
• Guidelines for the existence of
• Disclosure of aesthetics (beauty)
• Guidelines for recreation and entertainment
• Provide the identity of the man as the people of a religion.

Volleyball is a sport game played by two opposing groups. Each group had six players. There are also variations of the game of beach volleyball, each group has only two players. FIVB Volleyball Sports shaded (Federation Internationale de Volleyball) [1] as the main international organizations, while in Indonesia in naungi by PBVSI (Volleyball Association All-Indonesia). [2]
History
In early discovery, volleyball game sport is named Mintonette. Mintonette sport was first invented by a physical education instructor (Director of Phsycal Education) named William G. Morgan at the YMCA on February 9, 1895, in Holyoke, Massachusetts (USA). William G. Morgan was born in Lockport, New York in 1870, and died in 1942. YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) is an organization dedicated to teaching the basic teachings of Christianity to the youth, as taught by Jesus. This organization was established on June 6, 1884 in London, England by William George. After meeting with James Naismith (the creator of the sport of basketball was born on November 6, 1861, and died on 28 November 1939), Morgan created a new sport called Mintonette. Similarly, James Naismith, William G. Morgan also dedicates her life as a physical education instructor. William G. Morgan is also a graduate of Springfield College of the YMCA, created the game Mintonette four years after the creation of the sports game basketball by James Naismith. Sports Mintonette game is actually a game that was created by combining several types of games. Precisely, Mintonette game created by adopting four different characters into one game sports, namely basketball, baseball, tennis, and the last is handball (handball). At first, the game was created specifically for YMCA members who are not young anymore, so the game is not as active-even basketball games.
Mintonette name change to volleyball (volleyball) occurred in 1896, in his first game demonstration at the International YMCA Training School. In early 1896, Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick (Director of the Professional Training School Physical Education as well as the Executive Director of the Department of Physical Education of the International Committee of the YMCA) called and asked Morgan to demonstrate the new game he had created a new campus stadium. At a conference held at the campus YMCA, Springfield was also attended by the entire physical education instructor. On the occasion, Morgan took two teams in each five-person team. On that occasion, Morgan also explained that the game is a game that can be played inside or outside the room with a very liberal. And she explained at the time, this game can also be played by many players. There is no limit to the number of players in a standard game. While the goal of the game is to keep the ball in order to keep moving higher over the net, from one area to another (region opponent).
playground
Size volleyball common is 9 meters x 18 meters. [3] The line of attack for defender within 3 feet of the center line (parallel to the net). Field margins are 5 cm.
ball
The ball has a circumference of a circle 65 to 67 cm, weighing 260 to 280 grams. The pressure inside of the ball should be around 0:30 to 0325 kg/cm2 (4.26-4.61 psi, 294.3-318.82 mbar or hPa).
net
Net height for men and 2.44 meters 2.24 meters net daughters.
Means Volleyball Game
a.Panjang side line: 18 Meters.
b.Lebar field: 9 Meters.
c.Lebar line of attack: 3 Meters.
How to play
Atmosphere volleyball game
The game is played by two teams, each consisting of 6 players and compete to reach number 25 in advance. [4]
In a team, there are 4 important role, namely tosser (or setter), speakers (smash), libero, and defender (defender). Tosser or feeders are people whose job is to feed the ball to his colleagues and set the course of the game. Spiker tasked to hit the ball to fall in the area of ​​defense. Libero is a defensive player who can freely exit and enter but can not download smash the ball across the net. Defender is the last player to receive the attack of the opponent.
Volleyball game requires brainpower excellent, especially the tosser. Tosser should be able to set the course of the game. Tosser has to decide what he should do with the ball that he can, and everything was done in a fraction of a second before the ball fell to the ground throughout the game. The game is played by two teams, each consisting of 6 players and strive to reach the number 25 to win the first round.
Sequence serve
Counting the numbers
Rules of the game of volleyball is: [5]
1. If the enemy can put the ball into the area then we lose the ball and the enemies get value
2. Serve that we do have to get over the net and into enemy territory. If not, then the enemy will get the value
Game System
• System game round robin system consisting of 8 teams and will
is distributed into 2 (two) groups, each group consisting of 4 (four) teams.
• Each team consists of 10 players includes six core players who play on the field and 4 reserve players.
• Substitution of core players and reserves during a match is not restricted.
• The game will not be delayed if one or more than one member of the team is playing for sport
other.
• The minimum number of players allowed to play on the field is 4.
• When in the field are less than 4 people, the team in question will be lost.
• Each match lasts 3 rounds (best of three), but the second half is sure winner in the third round does not need to be implemented.
• The system used count is 25 rally point. If the participant points series (24-24) then the game will be added 2 points. Participants first time winning by a margin of 2 points will win the game.
• Victory in the eliminator gets a value of 1. If there are two or more teams obtain the same value, then determining the group winner and runner-up will be seen from the quality of the numbers in each set being played.
• Errors include:
o Players touch the net or pass border midfield opponent.
o It should not be throwing or catching the ball. Volleyball should be reflected without hitting the bottom of the field.
o The ball is reflected out of the field has not been counted as out before touching the surface of the ground.
o At the time of servicing the ball through the field count as points for the opponent, and vice versa recipient of service that makes the ball out of the opponent count as points for the opponent.
o All players must be in the field at the time serve done.
o Players perform spike opponents on the field.
o All parts of the body except legal to bounce ball by kicking.
o The players and opponents about 2 times the net while playing the ball is counted as double faults.
• Each team is required to exchange the sideline during each round ends. And if done half Determination (set to 3), the team that has the lowest value may request to exchange field shortly after the opposing team reaches 13.
• Time out done only one time in each half and take only 1 minute.
• Regardless of the rules listed here, the game follows the rules of international regulations.
Sequence serve
Counting the numbers
Rules of the game of volleyball is: [5]
1. If the enemy can put the ball into the area then we lose the ball and the enemies get value
2. Serve that we do have to get over the net and into enemy territory. If not, then the enemy will get the value
Game System
• System game round robin system consisting of 8 teams and will
is distributed into 2 (two) groups, each group consisting of 4 (four) teams.
• Each team consists of 10 players includes six core players who play on the field and 4 reserve players.
• Substitution of core players and reserves during a match is not restricted.
• The game will not be delayed if one or more than one member of the team is playing for sport
other.
• The minimum number of players allowed to play on the field is 4.
• When in the field are less than 4 people, the team in question will be lost.
• Each match lasts 3 rounds (best of three), but the second half is sure winner in the third round does not need to be implemented.
• The system used count is 25 rally point. If the participant points series (24-24) then the game will be added 2 points. Participants first time winning by a margin of 2 points will win the game.
• Victory in the eliminator gets a value of 1. If there are two or more teams obtain the same value, then determining the group winner and runner-up will be seen from the quality of the numbers in each set being played.
• Errors include:
o Players touch the net or pass border midfield opponent.
o It should not be throwing or catching the ball. Volleyball should be reflected without hitting the bottom of the field.
o The ball is reflected out of the field has not been counted as out before touching the surface of the ground.
o At the time of servicing the ball through the field count as points for the opponent, and vice versa recipient of service that makes the ball out of the opponent count as points for the opponent.
o All players must be in the field at the time serve done.
o Players perform spike opponents on the field.
o All parts of the body except legal to bounce ball by kicking.
o The players and opponents about 2 times the net while playing the ball is counted as double faults.
• Each team is required to exchange the sideline during each round ends. And if done half Determination (set to 3), the team that has the lowest value may request to exchange field shortly after the opposing team reaches 13.
• Time out done only one time in each half and take only 1 minute.
• Regardless of the rules listed here, the game follows the rules of international regulations.
Volleyball Techniques
Service
Service at the time was no longer as the beginning of a game or just serve the ball, but as a first strike to shift the servicing. Services consist of services and service hands down hand over hand atas.Servis distinguished the tennis serve, floating and cekis.
1. service hands down
1. first service criss players stand more forward with the left foot from the right foot.
2. the ball is held with the left hand
3. bounced the ball is not too high, right hand pulled down the back
4. after the ball about waist, right arm straight ahead swing to hit the ball
5. palm facing the ball and hand tightened to get a perfect reflection, may also hold hands.
2. tennis service
1. attitudes preparation starts by taking the position left foot more forward, knees slightly lower
2. left and right hands together holding the ball, the ball kirimenyangga hand, right hand on the ball.
3. bounced the ball with his left hand about 1/2 feet above the head
4. going back to the right hand over his head, facing forward
5. do movements like mensmesh ball, attention focused on the ball
6. crack of hand required at perkenaan ball.
3. floating service
1. same foot position as tennis service
2. left hand and the right hand holding the ball as well as high temple
3. with his left hand the ball bounced right laterally ssedikit not too high
4. after the ball bounced high above his head, slapped his right hand in the middle of the ball.
5. punch float can be done in several ways:
1. with the heel of the hand
2. by hand, with the thumb folded into the palm of the hand and a stick
3. hitting with hands clasped.
4. cekis
1. attitude beginning to take a stand stand sideways to the left side of the body closer kejaring.
2. held the ball left and right hand.
3. as the ball bounced, diliukkan body back and knees slightly bent
4. both hands stretched out towards the bottom right side in a state handling the ball.
5. dilambung ball above the head with both hands.
6. after a loose ball, right hand pulled aside the lower right, liukkan body right.
7. weight was right at the feet, palms facing upwards
8. after the ball is in the reach of the hand, as soon as possible with the same arm, left aside the agency liukkan
9. perkenaan bottom ball behind the ball, hit the ball and prod agencies assisted liukkan hand.
Service there are several kinds:
• Service is service with a prefix on throwing the ball up as needed. The server then jump to hit the ball with the top of his swing.
• Service is service with the prefix under the ball in the hands of a did not hit the ball. The hand preparing to hit the ball out of the back of the body to hit the ball with the swing arm from the bottom.
• Service is a service float on the prefix and hit a similar manner. Prefix service float is throwing the ball up but not too high (not too high of a head). The hand will be ready to hit the ball close to the ball with a very short swing.
To consider in service include:
• posture and view.
• Stomach or more must comply with the requirements.
• As when to hit the ball.
Passing
• Passing Down (Punch / retrieval hands down)
o squatting posture, knees slightly bent.
o hands clenched, one with the other sealed.
o Hand movements adapted to the hard / weak ball speed.
• Passing Top All (Punch / retrieval hands up)
o squatting posture, knees slightly bent.
o body bent slightly prominent, elbows bent fingers spread to form a hemispherical arch.
o The thumb and index finger close together to form a triangle.
o touching on all the movements of the fingers and hands straighten
o Using footwork to add power
Smash (spike)
By forming a hard blow attacks when the ball is above the net, to put into the opponent. To do well need to consider the following factors: prefix, repulsion, punches, and landing. According Muhajir Mechanical Engineering smash in volleyball games can be interpreted as a way of playing the ball efficiently and effectively in accordance with the applicable rules of the game in order to achieve an optimal result (2006.23). In the opinion of M. Mariyanto argued that: 'Smash is a powerful blow which hands full contact with the ball at the top, so that the ball steep road at high speed, when the ball hit higher above the net, the ball can be hit sharply down. " (2006: 128) argues that Kristianto Iwan, Smash is usually deadly wallop difficult because the ball is received or returned. "(2003: 143). Spike is a form of attack most used to attack in order to obtain the value of a team in a game of volleyball. From some opinions on the above it can be concluded that the technique Smash or spike is to play the ball efficiently and effectively in accordance with the rules of the game to reach the hard knocks that is usually lethal to the opponent. According to the test smash smash Sandika argued that the test is a benchmark to measure the ability to smash.
Stem (blocking)


The ball is passed hand-blockers
With efforts near the net to try to resist / obstruct the ball coming from the opponent. Block the correct attitude is:
• Squatting, preparing to jump.
• Jump with both hands tightly and straight up.
• When landing should immediately step aside and allow the team to turn a friend to block.
Block there are two kinds. 1. Single block 2. double block is Block single stem ball by one player doubles Block is stem ball by two players or lebih.Hal that must be considered in performing a double block include integrating footsteps and cooperation among blocker in determining the time jumps and the direction of the ball.
Position players (position players)
At the time of service both teams should be in the field / its region each in two rows laterally. Three rows in front and three rows behind. Server named number one player, two players named speaker, the third player named set upper or tosser, number four player called blockers, number five and six players named libero.