STATIC ELECTRICITY
At the time of rain, have you ever seen lightning? Lightning is a natural event that is very dangerous and feared by all the people, because the lightning causing a flash of light followed by a powerful voice in the air. If someone is struck by lightning, then the body will be burned. Due to dangerous lightning, the high-rise buildings high enough equipped with lightning rods. What causes lightning? Why is the building of high-rise buildings equipped with lightning rods? Find the answer by studying this material.
A. Atomic Structure
Thales mellitus, a Greek scientist, discovered electrical phenomenon obtained by rubbing amber, which in Greek is called electron.
After apparently rubbed amber could attract small objects that are nearby. Such properties are called electrification in electrical science. Electricity that occurs in a polished amber called static electricity is electricity that does not flow.
Atomism
A substance composed of small particles called atoms. Atoms derived from the word atomos, which means can not be divided again. However, in its development, it still turns atom can be described again.
Atoms consist of two parts, namely the atomic nucleus and skin. The nucleus is positively charged, while the atomic shell composed of negatively charged particles called electrons.
The nucleus is composed of two kinds of particles, the positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons (neutral).
An atom is said to neutral when in essence there are positive charges (protons) which is equal to the negative charges (electrons) in the skin.
A positively charged atom is said if the number of positive charges (protons) in the nucleus more than the negative charges (electrons) in the skin surrounding atoms.
A negatively charged atom is said if the number of positive charges (protons) in the nucleus less than the number of negative charges (electrons) in the atomic shell.
The simplest atom is the hydrogen atom is only composed of one proton and one electron. Since the number of protons and electrons the same, then the hydrogen atom is said to be neutral atoms.
Helium atom consists of two protons, two neutrons and two electrons. As the number of protons and the same number of electrons, the helium atom is also regarded as a neutral atom.
B. Electrostatic Discharge
According to Benjamin Franklin, there are two load electricity were:
1. Positive electric charge
2. Negative electric charge
Nature of charge electricity were
1. Two similar charge when brought near it will repel
2. The two are not similar charge when brought near it will attract
1. When a plastic ruler rubbed with wool cloth, the electrons move from wool to plastic ruler, plastic ruler was so electrically charged negative.
2. Ebonite when rubbed with wool cloth, the electrons move from wool to ebonite, ebonite is electrically charged so negative.
3. When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, electrons move to the glass rod silk fabric, so positively charged glass rod
D. Coulomb Law
In 1785, Agustin Charles Coulomb discovered the basic laws of electrical force between two charged particles.
"The magnitude of the attractive force between two or repel charged objects is proportional to the electric charge of each and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two objects."
Newton's Law mathematically written:
Description:
F = Tensile / reject two loads (N)
k = Constant (9109 N.m2/C2)
Q1, Q2 = electric charge (C)
r = distance between the two charges (m)
E. Electric Induction
Induction is the event of the separation of electric charge on an object as the object is approached other electrically charged objects.
Example:
Neutral objects approached negatively charged objects, the negative charges are fabricated neutral objects away, while the positive charges are induced approaching objects.
Neutral objects approached positively charged objects, the positive charges are fabricated neutral objects away, while the negative charges are induced approaching objects.
F. Electroscope
Electroscope is a tool that can be used to determine the presence or absence of electric charge on an object.
The working principle of electricity electroscope by induction, that is, if an object is electrically charged electroscope head touched the charge similar to the electrically charged objects were going to leaf electroscope. Consequently both leaf electroscope be charged a kind that repel (leaf electroscope open)
G. Electric field
The electric field is the area around the electrically charged objects are still influenced by
electric force. The electric field is described by the electric lines of force.
The properties of electric lines of force
1. Electric lines of force from the negative charge towards the positive charge
2. Electric lines of force never intersect
3. The closer the electric lines of force, the stronger the electric field
To calculate the electric field strength used the equation:
Strong electric field E = (N / C)
F = Force coulomb (N)
Q = electric charge (C)
